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Tag: Phase Shift Keying (PSK)

Multiple stable lock points in the S-curve of a decision-directed loop
April 4, 2022 Wireless/SDR

Resolving Phase Ambiguity through Unique Word and Differential Encoding and Decoding

In the context of carrier synchronization, we have discussed the Costas loop and other techniques before. Today, we discuss the

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Eye diagrams for I arm of a 4-QAM signal for 15, 30 and 45 degrees phase offsets and a Raised Cosine filter with excess bandwidth 0.5. A similar eye diagram exists for Q arm as well
December 23, 2016 Wireless/SDR

What is Carrier Phase Offset and How It Affects the Symbol Detection

In case of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and other passband modulation schemes, Rx has no information about carrier phase of

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An illustration of wiping off the modulation process without any training information
August 11, 2016 Wireless/SDR

Non-Data-Aided Carrier Phase Estimation

A carrier phase offset rotates the Rx constellation causing decision errors even in a perfectly noiseless environment. One of the

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5G Physical Layer - An Easy Guide to Key Technologies
Learn about 5G physical layer through great visualizations, simple maths and intuitive explanations
A wireless channel with speakers and microphone
Send and receive wireless signals over the air without expensive SDR hardware through a speaker (Tx) and a microphone (Rx)

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