Tag: Fading

Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) cancels the phase and grades the magnitudes according to each channel gain
Wireless/SDR

Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC)

In the discussion on diversity, we described in detail the idea of space diversity through an example of Selection Combining (SC). Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) is another space diversity scheme that embodies the concept behind generalized beamforming — the main technology in 5G cellular systems. Let us find out how. Setup Consider a wireless link with 2 Tx antenna and 2 (or more) Rx antennas as shown in the figure below. At each symbol time, a data symbol $s$ is transmitted which belongs to a Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) scheme. To focus on the events happening within one symbol time

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Multipath components with large Doppler shifts compared to the signal bandwidth
Wireless/SDR

Slow and Fast Fading in Wireless Channels

We discussed the idea of fading in wireless channels in a previous article. To understand different types of fading in the context of time variations, refer to the figure below that shows a multipath channel. Slow Fading A slow motion scenario is illustrated in the figure below where three multipath components are arriving with Doppler shifts $F_{D,i}$ from the carrier frequency. In this scenario, the magnitudes of $F_{D,i}$ are small and hence observe very little spreading of the cumulative spectrum. This can be understood by recalling that when two sinusoids with two different frequencies $F_1$ and $F_2$ are added, the

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