In major cellular and wireless networks today, space diversity is employed with the help of multiple Tx antennas and/or multiple
Continue reading
Tag: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
QAM Constellations in Digital Communication Standards
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is one of the most spectrally efficient modulation schemes. This is why it is used in
Continue reading
I/Q Signals 101: Neither Complex Nor Complicated
There was a recent discussion on GNU Radio mailing list in regards to the simplest possible intuition behind I/Q signals.
Continue reading
An Introduction to Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA)
In many kinds of equalizers such as maximum likelihood sequence estimation, the channel response is available at the Rx through
Continue reading
How to Estimate the Carrier Phase
In this article, I will describe how to estimate the carrier phase from an incoming waveform in a feedforward manner.
Continue reading