Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Archives

How Errors Lead to New Discoveries

In the book "Where Good Ideas Come From", the author Steven Johnson mentions some stories on how errors lead to

Proposed in 1976, Mueller and Muller algorithm is a timing synchronization technique that operates at symbol rate, as opposed to

One of the most useful modulation techniques in applications requiring low receiver complexity is Frequency Shift Keying (FSK). In an

We discussed earlier that Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) transmits information through amplitude scaling of the pulse $p(nT_S)$ according to the

"The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message selected at